Forest Survey of India

The Forest Survey of India (FSI) publishes the biennial India State of Forest Report (ISFR), the official assessment of India’s forest and tree cover. It provides state and district-level data on forest cover (very dense, moderately dense, open), tree cover outside forests, mangrove cover, growing stock, carbon stock, and forest fire monitoring. For researchers, ISFR is the standard reference for Indian forest statistics — though with well-documented limitations around the definition of forest (which includes plantations, orchards, and even bamboo groves), making it more an assessment of tree cover than natural forest. FSI also produces thematic maps and the e-Green Watch portal for real-time forest diversion monitoring.