ERA5-Land

ERA5-Land is the land-focused, higher-resolution sibling of ERA5. At 9 km (versus ERA5’s 31 km), it provides finer detail for temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, evaporation, runoff, and other land-surface variables from 1950 onwards. For India, the resolution improvement is significant: ERA5-Land better captures the Western Ghats orographic rainfall gradient, local temperature variations, and soil moisture patterns that coarser reanalysis smooths out. It uses the same underlying atmospheric forcing as ERA5 but runs a dedicated land-surface model at higher resolution. Accessible through the same CDS API.